Osteosarcoma Cancer Treatment in Indore

Osteosarcoma Cancer Therapy -In-Depth Review.

The most prevalent form of primary bone cancer is called osteosarcoma, which is normally associated with children, teenagers, and young adults. It normally forms in the long bones of the arms and legs, where it is most commonly around the knee or shoulder. Osteosarcoma results when bone cells multiply irregularly, causing tumours which can weaken bones and spread into other body parts, which in most cases are the lungs.

🔹 Causes and Risk Factors

It is not known exactly what causes osteosarcoma; however, several factors put the patient at risk:

Quick bone maturation in adolescence.

Genetic predisposition (e.g. Li-Fraumanni syndrome, mutations of the retinoblastoma gene)

Excessive radiation treatment or some chemicals in the past.

History of benign bone ailments (uncommon)

🔹 Common Symptoms

Earlier treatment enhances better treatment. Key symptoms include:

Constant pain in the bone, at night or on motion.

A joint is characterised by swelling or an apparent lump.

Poor distance of motion of the affected limb.

Minor injuries that lead to fractures because of weak bones.

In some cases, fatigue or unexplained weight loss.

🔹 Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma

Diagnosis has a combination of imaging, lab tests, and biopsy:

X-rays – to detect bone changes

MRI or CT scan- to assess the tumour and tissue.

Bone scan- to determine whether it has spread to other bones.

PET scan or chest CT - to identify metastasis, in particular, to the lungs.

Biopsy- tissue samples identify the grade and type of cancer.

Osteosarcoma can be treated in the following ways.

The treatment is based on the location, the size of the tumour, the stage and the health and age of the patient.

1. Surgery

The primary treatment is surgical removal of the tumour. Types include:

Limb-salvage surgery- removes the tumour and leaves the limb intact.

Amputation - in some uncommon instances, where salvaging the limbs cannot take place.

Reconstructive surgery- involves the use of prosthetics or bone grafts to reinstate functionality.

2. Chemotherapy

Frequently referred to as preoperative therapy (neoadjuvant) to reduce tumour size and eliminate minute cancer cells.

Following surgery (adjuvant) to annihilate all leftover cancerous cells.

Usual medications: Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Ifosfamide.

3. Radiation Therapy

Osteosarcoma is not very sensitive to radiation, but it can be applied in some instances.

Manage tumours that are inoperable or provide palliative care.

4. Specific Therapy and immunotherapy.

Clinical trials make use of investigational therapies.

Specific molecular pathways of cancerous cells are targeted by targeted drugs.

Advanced disease or recurrent disease may be treated using immunotherapy.

5. Supportive Care

Pain management, nutrition and physical rehabilitation.

Patient and family psychological support.

Exercise to enhance post-operative mobility.

🔹 Prognosis

Localised osteosarcoma: The survival rate using surgery and chemotherapy is approximately 60 80 years.

Metastatic osteosarcoma (spread to lungs and other organs): 5-year survival rate reduces to 20 40%.

Aggressive chemotherapy, early diagnosis and skilled surgery enhance the improvement of survival.

Why Go to Specialized Centers to treat Osteosarcoma?

The multidisciplinary teams would consist of orthopaedic oncologists, medical oncologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation specialists.

High-tech surgery and imaging.

Limb-salvage and prosthetic-reconstruction Procedures.

New therapy and clinical trials of high-risk/ recurrent osteosarcoma.

Anticipating Intervention & Detection.

Routine examination of children and adolescents who have bone pain or swelling that never goes away.

Preventive treatment of fractures or malformations of the bones.

Knowledge of relatives and genetic susceptibility.